Temperature-Dependent Crystallization Mechanisms of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite From Different Solvents

Hybrid perovskites are a novel type of semiconductors that show great potential for solution-processed optoelectronic devices. For all applications, the device performance is determined by quality perovskite thin films. During solution processing, interaction solvent with precursor molecules often leads to formation solvate intermediate phases may diverge crystallization pathway from simple evaporation multi-step process. We here investigate methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI 3 ) range commonly utilized solvents, namely dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) at different temperatures ranging 40°C >100°C in-situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) measurements. solvents but GBL, we clearly observe solvate-intermediate moderate processing temperatures. With increasing temperatures, an fraction MAPbI phase observed form directly. From temperature-dependence phase-formation phase-decomposition rates, activation energy solvate-phases as quantitative metric binding strength within trend DMSO > DMF NMP GBL. These results enable prediction which can be effectively removed.